One of the fun things about computers is playing with programs like paint. In 199293, clcud appeared in epidemic form which caused a decline in yield down to 9. Among them, cotton leaf curl virus clcuv is the most damaging disease, causing enormous losses khan and ahmad, 2005. By exploiting biotechnological tools broad spectrum resistance can be introduced against all viruses present in the field. First report of okra enation leaf curl virus and associated cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite and cotton leaf curl multan alphasatellite infecting cotton in pakistan. Management of tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv in. A new member of the cotton leaf curl disease complex. Recovery plan cotton leaf curl disease caused by a. An oversized pdf file can be hard to send through email and may not upload onto certain file managers. This study reports clcugev detection in field samples of capsicum annuum and cucumis melo from egypt and represents an expansion of the virus host range beyond the malvaceae family to the two plant families, solanaceae and cucurbitaceae. Adobe designed the portable document format, or pdf, to be a document platform viewable on virtually any modern operating system. Molecular and biochemical characterization of cotton. To study the inheritance pattern of resistance against the cotton leaf curl virus clcuv in cotton, the cotton. Modern transportation and the increasing movement of living plants in global trade has resulted in them recent introduction of a similar disease of another crop to the western hemisphere.
No one else in the comments has reported similar findings, and my an. If your pdf reader is displaying an error instead of opening a pdf file, chances are that the file is c. Pdf cotton leaf curl virus clcuv disease in pakistan. The complex of cotton leaf curl multan virus and its. Cotton leaf curl multan virus newly reported to be associated. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud, caused by begomoviruses in association. Pdf is a hugely popular format for documents simply because it is independent of the hardware or application used to create that file.
Resistance to cotton leaf curl virus clcuv in a mutant. Cotton leaf curl virus disease in india integrated. Cotton leaf curl multan virus newly reported to be associated with cotton leaf curl disease in china. Cotton plants are naturally affected by many stresses from which 75% are biotic. Islam2 1 cotton research station, multan, pakistan 2 ayyub agriculture research institute, faisalabad, pakistan 3 department of plant breeding and genetics, bahauddin. Molecular insight into cotton leaf curl geminivirus disease.
Cotton leaf curl virus disease a principle cause of decline in. The paint program can help you make new image files, but it cannot open document or pdf file. Cotton leaf curl viruses are a number of plant pathogenic virus species of the family geminiviridae. The cotton leaf curl disease is most damaging when cotton plants. The objective of this study is to identify the pathogen of cotton leaf curl disease in guangdong province, and to provide a theoretical basis for controlling this disease. Whitefly is also a vector of nearly 200 plant viruses stewart et al. Noncore begomoviruses identified in symptomatic cotton include. It is an economically important cotton infecting begomovirus, and poses a serious threat to cotton production. Issn 10226303 icac international cotton advisory committee. Management of tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv in tomato. Mar 06, 2015 abutilon brazil virus, abutilon geminivirus, abutilon golden mosaic yucatan virus, abutilon mosaic bolivia virus, abutilon mosaic brazil virus, abutilon mosaic virus, acalypha yellow mosaic siliguri virus, acalypha yellow mosaic virus, african cassava mosaic virus, ageratum yellow vein china virus ox1, ageratum enation virus, ageratum leaf curl cameroon virus, ageratum leaf curl virus. Cotton leaf curl virus, gene expression, gossypium hirsutum, molecular analysis, plant pathogen introduction cotton is the principal cash crop in the world that is primarily grown for fiber. Recovery plan cotton leaf curl disease caused by a leaf. A group of whitefly transmitted ssdna viruses with ssdna satellites, causing leaf curl disease of cotton, vegetables, and ornamentals contents july 28, 20 page executive summary and contributors 1 i.
Cotton leaf curl virus clcuv is one of the major biotic constraints of cotton production in pakistan. Leaves with spotslesions or dead areas go to section go to page alternaria leaf spot diseases 10 bacterial blight diseases 11 tobacco streak virus diseases 22 tropical rust diseases 23 bacterial blight hypervirulent strains biosecurity threats 25 group b herbicides herbicide damage 31 group c herbicides herbicide damage 32 group h herbicides herbicide damage 34 group l herbicides herbicide. Frontiers genetics and genomics of cotton leaf curl disease. Sep 03, 2019 leaf curl virus disease thrips the number of asterisks indicates the extent of risk boll weevil is a serious problem in south america, where cotton is mainly grown in brazil and argentina. It has been concluded that the disease is directly linked with rainfall and humidity. Among these pathogens, cotton leaf curl virus clcuv and its cognate clcubuv and clcumb is a common source of tension for cotton growers especially in pakistan. Among the various members of begomovirus species, cotton leaf curl multan virus clcumuv is the most devastating virus responsible for huge cotton production losses in the northernwestern india subcontinent since the 1980s.
Grow only recommended and early maturing varieties resistant to cotton leaf curl viral disease. Unfortunately, the gemini viruses destroy the cotton crop at an alarming rate. Molecular diversity of cotton leaf curl gezira virus isolates and their satellite dnas associated with okra leaf curl disease in burkina faso fidele tiendrebeogo, 1, 2 pierre lefeuvre, 2 murielle hoareau, 2 julie villemot, 2 gnissa konate, 3 alfred s traore, 1 nicolas barro, 1 valentin s traore, 3 bernard reynaud, 2 oumar traore. Pdf genetic variability of natural populations of cotton. This study mathematically correlates incidence of cotton leaf curl virus clcuv, environmental factors i. Frontiers genetics and genomics of cotton leaf curl. Cotton leaf curl gezira virus clcugv is endemic to the african sahel region idris et al. All fastq sequencing files obtained in this study have an average per. Several approaches have been employed to explore putative resistance genes in another cotton species, g. Cotton leaf curl disease has emerged during the last 8 years as the main threat to the cotton gossypium hirsutum l. Mar 06, 2019 cai jh, xie k, lin l, qin bx, chen bs, meng jr, et al. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud, caused by begomoviruses in association with satellite molecules, is. Recovery plan cotton leaf curl disease caused by a leaf curl.
Tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcvkathy costa cdfa jolene dessert and connie valenzuela imperial valley ag commissioners office. Cotton leaf curl virus an overview sciencedirect topics. Cotton leaf curl virus a notorious group of the virus family geminiviridae, causes major threat to cotton crop and a wellknown threat is cotton leaf curl disease clcud caused by cotton leaf curl virus clcuv, transmitted in persistent manner by whitefly i. Fan leaf, interveinal chlorosis disease each, 14 plant species have 2 diseases each, 5 plant species have 3 virus disease each, 4 plant species have 4 virus diseases each, 3 plant species have 5 virus diseases. Managing silverleaf whitefly in australian cotton silverleaf whitefly slw, bemisia tabaci middle east asiaminor1 meam1, is a major pest of cotton in australia as they contaminate cotton lint with honeydew. Jun 28, 2008 a stock culture of cotton leaf curl virus from pakistan clcuv. Resistance of different cotton varieties to cotton leaf curl virus under field conditions 44 table 1. Introduction of tomato yellow leaf curl virus in florida and implications for the spread of this and other geminiviruses of tomato. Exploration of cotton leaf curl virus resistance genes and.
Among most serious threats of last two decades with reference to cotton crop in pakistan is cotton leaf curl virus. Now, the clcuvs causes the cotton leaf curl virus disease in cotton crop and reduce its productivity. Cultivation of resistant cotton genotypes is the most effective method of reducing yield losses due to clcuv. Agrobacterium mediated delivery of multiplex crisprcas9. The disease is of viral origintransmitted by the whitefly bemisia tabaci, which is difficult to control because of the prevalence of multiple virulent viral strains or related species. Cotton leaf curl gezira virus african cotton leaf curl. Depending on the type of scanner you have, you might only be able to scan one page of a document at a time. Cotton leaf curl virus, papaya leaf curl virus, pse1idoelephantopiis spicatiis leaf enation virus, tobacco leaf curl virus, tomato yellow leaf curl virus as regards to the virus vector relationships, only the abaca and banana bunchytop viruses are circulative or persistent in. Genetic diversity and correlation studies for cotton leaf. If your scanner saves files as pdf portbale document format files, the potential exists to merge the individual files into one doc. Cotton leaf curl disease is among the most devastating natural calamity that inflicted huge losses to cotton crop productivity especially in pakistan during the last 20 years. Pdf cotton leaf curl virus disease a principle cause of decline in.
Towards the end of the epidemic phase, clcud almost entirely disappeared from cotton as resistant cotton varieties, developed by conventional breeding, came into widespread cultivation by farmers. Effect of cotton leaf curl virus infected plants on the biology of the. Mathematical modeling of cotton leaf curl virus with respect. Dear lifehacker, i recently downloaded a program recommended by lifehacker, and after i installed it, my antivirus program yelled bloody murder and flagged it as a virus. This article explains what pdfs are, how to open one, all the different ways. Molecular insight into cotton leaf curl geminivirus. Read on to find out just how to combine multiple pdf files on macos and windows 10. Molecular characterization and phylogenetic analysis of a. Plants infected % days after planting variety 62 75 82 97 104 114 22819 9. A cotton leaf curl disease clcud infected gossypium hirsutum plants leaf in a cotton field in punjab, pakistan. Pdf an overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease clcud a. Pdf an overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease clcud. Abutilon mosaic malvaceous chlorosis virus suspect begomovirus bemisia tabaci transmitted anthocyanosis suspect virus blue disease suspect virus or phytoplasma leaf crumple genus bigeminivirus, cotton leaf curl virus clcuv leaf curl genus bigeminivirus, cotton leaf curl virus clcuv leaf mottle suspect virus etiology unknown leaf roll.
In pakistan cotton leaf curl virus was reported for the first time in 1967 near multan hussain, 1975. The sequences of the genome of virus isolate gd01 and its satellite molecule isolated from cotton plants exhibiting leaf curl symptoms were obtained by pcr, rolling circle amplification. Cotton leaf crumple in arizona causes only modestly damaging midseason infections, while leaf curl, has had a major impact on the crop in pakistan. Jun 10, 2017 plants to prevent further spread of the virus. Mathematical modeling of cotton leaf curl virus with. Dominance of recombinant cotton leaf curl multanrajasthan virus.
Cotton leaf curl multan virus clcumv gutierrez, 2008. Cotton leaf curl gezira virus clcugev, in association with a dnabeta satellite, is reported as a causal agent of cotton leaf curl disease. The dilemma of clcud is still under discussion among the researchers since its appearance in 1967. First report of cotton leaf curl virus infecting cotton was from nigeria in 1912. On the indian subcontinent, seven distinct begomovirus species clcumv, cotton leaf curl alabad virus clcuav, cotton leaf curl kokhran virus clcukv, cotton leaf curl rajasthan virus clcurv, papaya leaf curl virus palcuv, tomato leaf curl bangalore virus tolcbv, and cotton leaf curl burewala virus clcubv, either singly or as dualmultiple infections, have been shown to be involved. Overseas they are also a key virus vector for diseases such as cotton leaf curl disease. Monga and kishore chand kumhar 2017 screening of cotton germplasm against leaf curl virus disease clcud and role of weeds for its development. Cotton leaf curl viral disease complex caused by cotton. Diversity and recombination analysis of cotton leaf curl. Fauquet, in encyclopedia of agriculture and food systems, 2014 cotton leaf curl virus begomovirus, geminiviridaeasad et al. Whiteflytransmitted ssdna viruses with ssdna satellites. Introgression of cotton leaf curl virusresistant genes. Cotton leaf curl multan virus is present in cotton sampled from ghotki. Cotton leaf curl virus, a threat to arizona cotton.
Cotton leaf curl disease clcud, caused by whitefly bemisiatabaci transmitted singlestranded dna viruses belonging to. Tang yafei, he zifu, du zhenguo, she xiaoman, lan guobing. All relevant data are within the manuscript and its supporting information files. Breakdown of resistance in cotton to cotton leaf curl. Pdf introgression of cotton leaf curl virus resistant. Papaya leaf curl virus an overview sciencedirect topics. To combine pdf files into a single pdf document is easier than it looks. Introgression of cotton leaf curl virus resistant genes from asiatic cotton gossypium arboreum into upland cotton g. Foliage color is light green with light yellow flower. Leaves of infected cotton curl upward and bear leaf like enations on the underside along with vein thickening. Cotton leaf curl viruses clcuv are a number of plant pathogenic virus species of the family geminiviridae in asia and africa the major disease of cotton is caused by the cotton leaf curl geminivirus clcuv. The pdf format allows you to create documents in countless applications and share them with others for viewing. Diversity and recombination analysis of cotton leaf curl multan virus.
Mahmood t, arshad m, gill mi, mahmood ht, tahir m, hussain s, 2003. Symptom disease rating disease index % disease reaction immune no symptoms healthy plant 0 0 resistant small scattered vein thickening only 1 0. Cotton leaf curl disease complex leaf curl disease of cotton. They were associated with the disease either in single or multiple coinfections fig. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud after its first epidemic in 1912 in nigeria, has spread to different cotton growing countries including united states, pakistan, india, and china. Pk, was transmitted by whiteflies bemisia tabaci to seven plant species, including french bean, okra, tobacco and tomato, and caused vein thickening and leaf curl symptoms. The disease is caused by a bemisia tabacitransmitted geminivirus, clcuv hameed et al. Transmission efficiency of cotton leaf curl multan virus. The average plant height of this variety is 140 cm.
Engineer complete resistance to cotton leaf curl multan virus. How to shrink a pdf file that is too large techwalla. It matures in 170180 days and gives 2224 q seed cotton yield. These viruses are transmitted exclusively by the whitefly bemisia tabaci and affect almost. University of florida institute of food and agricultural sciences. Virus species causing cotton leaf curl disease in pakistan and india include.
Cucurbit leaf curl virus, a new whitefly transmitted geminivirus in arizona, texas, and mexico. It was readily detected in triple antibody sandwich elisa tas. Molecular insight into cotton leaf curl geminivirus disease resistance. Pim7685 is a new clcuvresistant line developed through the use of induced mutation. The guide to symptoms of diseases and disorders in australian. An insight into cotton leaf curl multan betasatellite, the. Symptoms and rating scale of cotton leaf curl virus disease clcud. The variety is resistant to cotton leaf curl virus disease. Cotton leaf curl multan virus newly reported to be. New host records for cotton leaf curl gezira virus. Typical begomovirusbetasatellite disease complex symptoms like leaf curling, small vein thickening, large vein thickening, and cup shaped leaf, are visible on the lower. In october 2008 and july 2009, some cotton plants were found to develop upward leaf curl symptoms accompanied by thickening and often thick dark greening of leaf veins, leafy enations and stunting in a field of the suburb of nanning city, guangxi, china. In pakistan, cotton crop contributes 23% to the gdp and its massive export provides 60% of the total profit in trading business. Genetics and genomics of cotton leaf curl disease, its.
Big bud, fern leaf, mosaic, yellow leaf curl leaf curl, mosaic mosaic leaf roll, mosaic 32. Cotton leaf curl viral disease complex caused by cotton leaf. Cotton leaf curl disease clcud is the major limiting factor and a threat to textile. Management of tomato yellow leaf curl virus tylcv in tomato in north florida. Clcuv genome consists of a single stranded dna particle i. You can use the tools in paint to add something to a different document. Cotton leaf curl virus clcuv disease is one of the major limiting factors in cotton production, particularly in widely cultivated gossypium hirsutum varieties that are susceptible to attack by this virus. Engineer complete resistance to cotton leaf curl multan. Molecular markers linked to leaf curl virus disease resistance in cotton. Virus species causing cotton leaf curl disease in pakistan and india include cotton leaf curl alabad virus clcuav, cotton leaf curl kokhran virus clcukv. Luckily, there are lots of free and paid tools that can compress a pdf file in just a few easy steps.
This virus devastated the pakistan cotton industry in early 1990s where it caused an estimated yield reduction o. In asia and africa the major disease of cotton is caused by the cotton leaf curl geminivirus. I paid for a pro membership specifically to enable this feature. Gossypium hirsutum introduction cotton can be infected by various insects, pests and pathogens, causing different diseases. Clcud is caused by monopartite begomovirus which carry dnaa component and beta satellite transmitted by. A cotton leaf curl disease epidemic in the indian subcontinent was first reported in 1967 from multan, pakistan. Pink bollworm has recently developed high levels of resistance to bt cotton thereby emerging as a menace in india and.
The complex of cotton leaf curl multan virus and its associated betasatellite molecule causing cotton leaf curl disease in guangdong provincej. Plants infected early in the season are stunted and yield is reduced drastically. Cotton leaf curl virus disease clcud is caused by a suite of whiteflytransmitted begomovirus species and strains, resulting in extensive losses annually in india and pakistan. Detection and relationships of cotton leaf curl virus and. Rnainterference rnai is a proven technology used for knockdown of gene expression in higher organisms and viruses. Cotton leaf curl disease is caused by a complex of begomovirus species, all of which incite similar symptoms in cotton and are transmitted by the whitefly bemisia tabaci but are less than 89% identical to each other at the nucleotide level over the entire length of the genome and also vary in geographic distribution. Full text pdf 97k cotton leaf curl virus clcuv is one of the major biotic constraints of cotton production in pakistan.
Later on reported from tanzania and sudan in 1926 and 1934 respectively bailey, 1934. Eradicate alternate hosts of cotton leaf curl virus volunteer cotton plants before sowing, to avoid the multiplication and spread of diseases. This recovery plan is one of several diseasespecific documents produced as part of the national. The guide to symptoms of diseases and disorders in. Cotton leaf curl virus is the most damaging virus of cotton gossypium hirsutum l. It causes yield loss in all affected cotton growing areas in africa. An overview of cotton leaf curl virus disease clcud a serious threat to cotton productivity. Cotton leaf curl gezira virus okrashambat af260241 clcugvokrsha cotton leaf curl gezira virus sida ay036007 clcugvsida cotton leaf curl kokhran virus cotton leaf curl virus pakistan2. This means it can be viewed across multiple devices, regardless of the underlying operating system. Most electronic documents such as software manuals, hardware manuals and ebooks come in the pdf portable document format file format. Cotton leaf curl virus lucknow clcuvlko2, okra enation leaf curl virus oenlcv, papaya leaf curl virus palcuv, tomato leaf curl bangalore virus tolcbav and tomato leaf curl new delhi virus tolcndv saeed, 2010. Whiteflytransmitted cucurbit leaf crumple virus in florida.
Examining the drought stress transcriptome of cotton leaf and root tissue. Molecular diversity of cotton leaf curl gezira virus isolates. Clcuvpk2 pakistani cotton leaf curl virus clcukv cotton leaf curl kokhran virus 72b aj002448 clcukv72b cotton leaf curl kokhran. Ictv plant virus subcommittee study group on geminiviruses. Cotton genus gossypium, family malvaceae is one of the most important crops in china. Begomovirus, the causative agent of leaf curl disease in cotton plants gossypium hirsutu. Cumulative mean of cotton leaf curl virus infected plants of different cotton varieties at multan, 1993. Cotton leaf curl viral disease complex caused by cotton leaf curl virus complex begomovirus, geminiviridae. This disease inflicted huge losses not only to the. Symptoms of leaf curl disease on cotton and genome organization of the cotton leaf curl disease complex. Pdf file or convert a pdf file to docx, jpg, or other file format. Pdf host range and vector relationships of cotton leaf curl.
Leaf curl disease of cotton caused by the clcudcomplex of begomoviruses is. A pdf file is a portable document format file, developed by adobe systems. Zahid mahmood senior scientific officer, central cotton research institute, old shujabad road, multan, pakistan. By michelle rae uy 24 january 2020 knowing how to combine pdf files isnt reserved. Host range and vector relationships of cotton leaf curl virus from northern india.
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